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History and Parts of Japanese Katana Swords

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The katana sword is probably the most well known of the Japanese swords and was made by the most skilled Japanese smiths from the very best materials in Ancient Japan. It was used by Samurai warriors and was regarded as a sacred weapon imbued with dignity and honour.

Image by Meffi

Katana Sword History

Originally katanas were made in feudal Japan between the years 1390 and 1570. Warfare changed considerably during this time and katanas evolved from tachi, swords with blades facing downwards and curved, to the katana with even more curved swords with the blade facing upwards. They were designed to be effective with an upward slashing motion that the Samuraio could perform from horseback.

Katans were only forged by the most skilled craftsmen employed by royalty and the elite families of Japan. Samurai also used other weapons including the shorter wakizashi swords and tanto knives which were used for seppuku, ritual suicide.

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Parts of a Katana

Katanas are usually between 26″ and 37″ in length and consist of the following parts.

  • Tsuka – the hilt, hides the tang and is wrapped with a sageo.
  • Fuch-kashira – holds the handle together by soft metal rings at the top and base of the grip.
  • Menuki – ornaments in pairs under the tsuka bindings. They traditionally represented the owner of the katana and were usually representations of mythical creatures such as dragons.
  • Sageo – cotton or silk that wraps the tsuka and used to fasten the scabbrad to the waistband.
  • nakagp – the tang that is hidden by the tsuka. In a full tang design the nakago is completely hidden by the tsuka. Full tang designs were used in all samurai katanas.
  • Tsuba – the guard at the end of the tsuka to prevent the hand touching the sword edge. Tsubas were valued and often passed on as heirlooms in families.
  • Nagas – the whole blade.
  • Kissaki – the point of the katana. Skilled craftsmen were needed to forge and then polish the kissaka.
  • Sori – the process by which the blade is curved by quenching and hammering the straight blade.
  • Mune – the un-sharpened back edge of the blade.
  • Mono-uchi – the cutting part of the sword.
  • Saya – the scabbard and was made from honki wood


Tsuba

Tsuba – Japanese, Edo Period, 1835 Yamamoto Tsuneyuki, Japanese Silver Image by unforth





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